Apple Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Apple - Case Study Example free sharing and downloading discovered application in the manner P2P administrations worked. This raised the prevalence of such administrations where it was feasible for clients to share their preferred collections liberated from cost. When contrasted with membership benefits that charged an expense for their administrations, the P2P administrations gave the clients adaptability just as a scope of decision. Q3) I feel that P2P administrations would develop in prominence however organizations like Apple can limit the effect utilizing iTunes by adaptable permitting, stricter power over sharing by encoding the iTunes music and so on. My forecast for iTunes is that it is better outfitted to manage the danger of theft and free downloads as a result of the manner in which it is showcased just as the idea itself. Q4) The most prominent danger to Apple is from the â€Å"me-too† clones that can usurp its piece of the overall industry and wreck its deals in the manner it is promoted. As occurred in its product adventure, Apple faces the genuine chance of its interesting methodology towards its items being duplicated by rivals and advertised at a lower cost just as in a nonexclusive way (rather than the specialty manner by which Apple showcases its

Downloading movies and TV

Question: Compose an article onDownloading motion pictures and TV isn't a wrongdoing. Answer: Presentation The contextual investigation that has been taken spins around the subject about downloading of films and TV from the web for nothing and is named as not a wrongdoing. The principle purpose for expanded downloading in Australia is around the extra costs that accompany purchasing the equivalent and simple accessibility of the substance on the Internet. Likewise, there are no laws that are characterized to term it as a wrongdoing and subsequently, there is an expansion of this action among the clients. New enactments and flexibly side of the condition are a portion of the arrangements that have been proposed to put a beware of such exercises and control the equivalent (Life, News, wrongdoing, 2014). Examination based on Classical Ethical Theories Just Consequentialism It is a moral hypothesis that says that a definitive premise of rightness and misleading quality of a demonstration can be chosen by the outcomes on ones lead. It says that it is the end or the ultimate results of a demonstration that makes it morally right or off base in nature (Sinnott-Armstrong, 2003). In Australia, there is an expanded download of motion pictures and TV. There are no laws that are characterized to condemn such a demonstration which prompts no power over it by the administrative bodies. Be that as it may, according to the hypothesis of Just Consequentialism, such a demonstration is characterized as completely unscrupulous. There are explanations for a similar which are as recorded underneath as far as the negative outcomes in such situations: It prompts colossal misfortune to the producers of the motion pictures and TV appears as they don't get the merited income and cost Copyright holders can take the issue to the court by naming it as a common issue and the downloader can be sued for such a demonstration Compensatory harms would be imposed on the downloader whenever demonstrated blameworthy It makes hurt the business As expressed over, the outcomes that develop out of the circumstance are negative in nature. Most ordinarily, downloads are accomplished for individual use and diversion reason yet there are numerous who do it on a business scale (Moor, 2016). There are additionally potential dangers that are related with such download, for example, an open greeting to the malignant programming like infection, worms and Trojan ponies. Spywares are additionally downloaded alongside this substance which may sit in the framework and screen the exercises performed by the client. It can disregard the security of the private and delicate data. Ideals Ethics Another famous hypothesis that has morals as its premise is Virtue Ethics. It is a methodology that characterized the morals based on singular attributes as opposed to the outcomes and the demonstration itself. The detailing of this hypothesis depends on Eudaemonism (Virtue Ethics - By Branch/Doctrine - The Basics of Philosophy, 2016). It says that the prime objective in life is to accomplish bliss and the equivalent can be achieved by rehearsing ethics in regular day to day existence and exercises. For the situation study, it is composed that the major downloads that occur in Australia are for the individual use and amusement reason. According to Virtue morals, if a demonstration gives satisfaction and doesn't include any malevolent goal behind it, at that point the demonstration is moral in nature (LectureforExercise1.html, 2016). There are two circumstances that are engaged with this contextual investigation. Clients who download films and TV for individual reason, for example, for amusement or instruction or taking a break. Clients who download the substance from the web, for example, motion pictures and TV for business scale. These individuals would bring in cash out of this substance. In the principal case, the temperances don't have any evil expectation or the act of making benefits over the expense of giving mischief to another person or their business. Nonetheless, in the subsequent situation, the expectation is to download content for business reason and at business scale. Ideals morals would subsequently portray situation one as moral and situation two as unscrupulous in nature. Moral Issues in ICT The current period is a time of innovation and advanced media. The mechanical headways have offered ascend to the presentation of various moral issues which have picked up consideration in the course of recent years and the goals for the equivalent is still under inquiry. Data Communication Technology (ICT) additionally includes various distinctive such issues that are raised based on morals. There has been a social change with the expanded utilization of ICT and it is this change has prompted the inclusion of such a significant number of moral issues. These issues have been raised to another and regularly astounding level which has incredibly influenced the general public in different manners. The difficulties that surface with these issues are of genuine effect for the individual and for the expert world also regarding working conditions and region of business. Be that as it may, there is as yet an absence of lucidity and comprehension around these issues which has prompted hamper the plan and advancement of goals measures for the equivalent (Edewor, n.d.). The most generally happening moral issues in ICT are: ICT demonstrable skill Security Security Digital wrongdoing Protected innovation Guideline on the web Social incorporation Network and character Unavoidable and joined figuring (CCSR:The Ethics of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Business, 2016) For the situation study that is being talked about likewise have the moral issues, for example, Protected innovation Security Digital wrongdoing Protected innovation is separated in to two general classes as Copyrights and Industrial Property rights (WTO | licensed innovation (TRIPS) - what are licensed innovation rights?, 2016). The download of motion pictures and TV leads to encroachment of copyrights and furnishes the producer with the option to sue the downloaded by taking him/her to the common court. Any work of diversion or media is a masterpiece that includes the point of view, imaginative capacity and the exertion of the producer. These works are secured by the Copyrights to advance and ensure the equivalent. Security is another issue that develops with the download of films and TV. These substance may carry with them pernicious programming, for example, Spyware and Adware. These are the arrangement of projects that are introduced on a machine and are utilized to screen each and every movement that is performed by the client (What is spyware and adware?, 2016). It would prompt danger to the security of classified, private and touchy data and would likewise hamper the trustworthiness and credibility of the equivalent. Digital violations are likewise moral issues that are related with the download of computerized content that isn't given from the recognizable and dependable sources. For example, the films and their connections regularly re-direct the clients to the sites that are noxious or may contain an application that may introduce an undesirable program on the framework. These projects are then utilized by the assailants to pick up data from the framework and make unauthenticated and unapproved use of the equivalent (What Is Cyber Crime? - Definition, Types Examples - Video Lesson Transcript | Study.com, 2016). Digital following which is a result of digital wrongdoing is additionally conceivable through such untrustworthy downloads. The assailant may pick up the IP address of the machine and may attempt to speak with the equivalent. It is a criminal through which an assailant may attempt to compromise or mischief someone. This wrongdoing can be executed through email, internet based life, talk rooms, texting customers and whatever other online medium (What is Cyberstalking? - Definition from Techopedia, 2016). Other digital violations that are related could be assault of PC infections, forswearing of administration assaults, man-in-the-center assaults and some more (What is a PC infection? definition and significance, 2016). End Download of films and TV is positively not a wrongdoing as there is no law or controlling arrangement that is characterized around the equivalent. Nonetheless, it isn't moral in nature, whenever done at a business scale as the equivalent would lead the copyright holders to sue the downloader based on a common issue. There are various moral issues that have developed with the increment and extension of ICT and the three expansive issues that are viewed according to the contextual investigation being talked about are those identified with Intellectual Property, Cyber violations and Security. There are no sufficient arrangements set up around such issues and it ought to be the obligation of a person to maintain a strategic distance from such goes about quite far. References CCSR:The Ethics of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Business. (2016). Ccsr.cse.dmu.ac.uk. Recovered 22 May 2016, from https://www.ccsr.cse.dmu.ac.uk/assets/general/ethicol/Ecv8no2.html Edewor, N. Morals and Social Issues Related to Information Communication Technology (ICT). Government, Social And Legal Issues, 135-147. https://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61692-012-8.ch009 LectureforExercise1.html. (2016). Spot.colorado.edu. Recovered 22 May 2016, from https://spot.colorado.edu/~tooley/Lecture3-EthicalTheories.html Life, D., News, D., wrongdoing, D. (2014). Downloading motion pictures and TV isn't a wrongdoing. The Sydney Morning Herald. Recovered 22 May 2016, from https://www.smh.com.au/computerized life/advanced life-news/downloading-films and-television isn't a-wrongdoing 20141126-11uyie Field,. (2016). Recovered 22 May 2016, from https://www.idt.mdh.se/kurser/figuring/DVA417/Lectures/Moor.pdf Sinnott-Armstrong, W. (2003). Consequentialism. Plato.stanford.edu. Recovered 22 May 2016, from https://plato.stanford.edu/passages/consequentialism/ Excellence Ethics - By Branch/Doctrine - The Basics of Philosophy. (2016). Philosophybasics.com. Recovered 22 May 2016, from https://www.philosophybasics.com/branch_virtue_ethics.html What is a PC infection? definition and significance. (2016). BusinessDictionary.com. Recovered 22 May 2016, from https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/PC virus.html What Is Cyber Crime? - Definition, Types Examples - Video

The Connection Between PTSD and Military Service

The Connection Between PTSD and Military Service PTSD PTSD and the Military Print The Connection Between PTSD and Military Service By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Updated on October 21, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children MivPiv/E/Getty Images Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the military are commonly linked. PTSD can be considered a young diagnosis. It was not until 1980 that the diagnosis of PTSD as we know it today came to be. However, throughout history, people have recognized that exposure to combat situations can have a profound negative impact on the minds and bodies of those involved in these situations. In fact, the diagnosis of PTSD originates from observations of the effect of combat on soldiers. The grouping of symptoms that we now refer to as PTSD has previously been described in the past as combat fatigue, shell shock, or war neurosis. PTSD Rates in Military Soldiers It is not surprising that high rates of PTSD have been found among soldiers from World War II, the Vietnam War, the Persian Gulf War and the war in Iraq. PTSD in Vietnam War Veterans PTSD Not Due to Combat As you can see from the above articles, PTSD stemming from combat exposure is quite common. However, people in the military may also be at risk of experiencing other types of traumatic events. In particular, women in the military may be at high risk of experiencing sexual trauma, often referred to as military sexual trauma (MST). What Increases Risk for PTSD? People serving during wartime are likely to be exposed to numerous traumatic or highly stressful events. However, not everyone eventually goes on to develop PTSD. Some people may be more vulnerable to developing PTSD after coming into contact with a traumatic event, whereas others may be more resilient. Some factors that may protect someone from developing PTSD have been identified. PTSD Risk Factors The Effect of War on a Soldiers Family Not only is war difficult for a military soldier, but it is also incredibly difficult for that soldiers family. War can have a tremendous impact on the mental health of a soldiers loved ones. When a Loved One Has PTSD PTSD Treatment Fortunately, help is available for those suffering from PTSD. A number of treatments have been developed and shown to effectively treat PTSD. The effects of war can be far-reaching. People in the military, especially during wartime, may be at high risk for PTSD. A soldiers family may also experience high levels of stress. However, help is available, and there are a number of resources for military soldiers and their families trying to cope.? Treatment for PTSD

Erectile Dysfunction ( Ed ) - 1017 Words

I have selected erectile dysfunction (ED) as my topic of discussion this week. ED is such a prevalent health issue, there are so may myths regarding the issue. One of the most common myths that I think we may all have heard of from our elderly patients â€Å"I can get it up because I am just too old†. I hope to further explore this health issue and be able to provide knowledge information to our patients in the future. Below is a helpful link that can assess how much we know about the facts of ED. I scored very low the first time before exploring further marterials regarding the topic. Give it a try, and then read the information below afterwards. http://www.webmd.com/erectile-dysfunction/rm-quiz-erectile-dysfunction ED is a very common sexual dysfunction, is occurs in men. The chances of ED increase with age, however, it is not an unavoidable part of aging. ED can be inability, inconsistent ability or able to maintain brief period of erection that is firm enough for sexual intercourse (Arcangelo, 2013). ED can increase stress, decrease self-confidence and leads to relationship problems. It could be the initial signs and symptoms of other health issues (Mayo Clinic, 2016). Causes and pathophysiology ED is any disruption during the sequence of events: nerve impulses from the brain travel through the spinal column stimulate the muscles, veins, arteries and fibrous tissues. The combination of physical and psychological put one at risk for ED (Arcangelo, 2013). Physical causesShow MoreRelatedErectile Dysfunction : Causes, Effects, And A Focus On Treatments2324 Words   |  10 PagesErectile Dysfunction: Causes, Effects, and a Focus on Treatments â€Å"Sex.† The media portrays sex to be easy, problem-less, and enjoyable all the time. Although this may be the case for some, for others, sex can be a serious struggle. 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ED has been defined by Adebusoye et al., (2012), the lack of sufficient sexual intercourse due to inability of a penile erection in male. Compounding the high incidence of HTN and ED among African-American males, is the problem of non-adherence to prescribed anti-hypertensive medications. Real or perceived ED associated with the adverse side effectsRead MoreThe Problem Of Erectile Dysfunction1165 Words   |  5 Pagesclaims? See details in the review! Erectile dysfunction otherwise known as impotence is a common problem among men. Studies have shown that the probability for men to be affected by ED, at some point in their life is high. Similarly, ED has affected as many as 80 million men worldwide. There are direct causes of ED and there are also risk factors, which everyman is exposed to, to impotence. Many synthetic pharmaceuticals have been formulated to manage the problems of ED. 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Correctly Cialis has end up the top Erectile Dysfunction healing in France, because January 2005, centered on theRead MoreErectile Dysfunction ( Impotence )1262 Words   |  6 PagesErectile dysfunction (impotence) is the inability to get and keep an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse. Male sexual arousal is a complex process that involves the brain, hormones, emotions, nerves, muscles and blood vessels. Erectile dysfunction can result from a problem with any of these. Likewise, stress and mental health concerns can cause or worsen erectile dysfunction. Having erection issues can cause stress, affect your self-confidence and contribute to relationship problems. Recent

Summary Of I Have A Dream And The Ballot Or The Bullet

Try to paint a picture of what the 1960s was like. What was one of the most defining characteristic of the 1960s? The Cold War or the Vietnam War? While those two events were undoubtedly important aspects of the 1960s, there was a war going on at America’s doorstep every day–the Civil Rights Movement. Throughout the 1960s, numerous civil rights activists lead even more events creating a tense and electric atmosphere on the home front. Two key men in the Civil Rights Movement, Martian Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X, were on opposite ends of the spectrum on how to deal with the injustice and inequality bestowed upon African Americans. King, leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, preached peace. Malcolm X, a Muslim who†¦show more content†¦He uses repetition to emphasize negative connotations: â€Å"America is just as much a colonial power as... America is just as much a colonial power as†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Malcolm X, 4). Malcolm X continues to use r epetition to shed light on the injustice African Americans face through things such as â€Å"false promises† (6) and the â€Å"con game† (8) which the American political system allows. Malcolm X highlights these aspects to illicit emotion from his audience. Once these emotions consume the listeners, they can become convinced that violence is the sole solution. To complement their arguments, both men employ the help of allusions. King alludes to the Bible as his way of empowering his followers and encouraging nonviolent practices. â€Å"we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream† (King 2). It is important that King make these connections in his speech because it allows him to receive respect from his audience. Because many consider the Bible as higher order, these allusions add to King’s ethos, making him more charismatic. King also emphasizes pathos by alluding to Isaiah 40 verses four and five: â€Å"I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountains shall be made low†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (3). He provides his audience with multiple sources of hope throughout his speech, bonding the African American society together. Comparable to King, Malcolm XShow MoreRelatedLiberty or Death1755 Words   |  8 Pagesnot too sure about rising up against British rule. At the beginning of the â€Å"Speech to the Virginia Convention,† Patrick Henry uses the either or fallacy when he tells the audience, â€Å"I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery. He uses this fallacy to convince the audience that they only have two options, freedom or slavery, when there are really more options. It also makes the situation seem very serious (Henry 226). 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Biotechnology Timeline II. Advantages and Disadvantages Political and Legal Issues by Brenda Brown 16 I. U.S. Laws and Regulations II. Current Political Issues III. What are the Possible HealthRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesdesignations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge. — 15th ed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge, Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages.............................................................................................. 144 Seeking a Second Opinion ............................................................................................................ 147 Trust Me, I Know It on Good Authority ..................................................................................... 149 Suspending Belief...................................................................................................................Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesstudies. I. Title. HF5415.1.H37 2009 658.800973—dc22 2008040282 ISBN-13 978-0-470-16981-0 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PREFACE Welcome to the 30th anniversary of Marketing Mistakes and Successes with this 11th edition. Who would have thought that interest in mistakes would be so enduring? Many of you are past users, a few even for decades. I hope you will find this new edition a worthy successor to earlier editions. I think

When Small Means Big The Impact of Nanotechnology Free Essays

string(22) " of this small world\." A revolution in science and technology, which will significantly impact our daily lives, is looming in the horizon. The scientific community is now excited by changes that could be brought about by the multidisciplinary discipline of nanoscience and nanotechnology, which is comprehensively defined as â€Å"[r]esearch and technology development at the atomic, molecular, or macromolecular levels, in the length of approximately 1–100 nm range, to provide a fundamental understanding of phenomena and materials at the nanoscale, and to create and use structures, devices, and systems that have novel properties and functions because of their small size. The novel and differentiating properties and functions are developed at a critical length scale of matter typically under 100 nm. We will write a custom essay sample on When Small Means Big: The Impact of Nanotechnology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nanotechnology research and development includes integration of nanoscale structure into larger material components, systems, and architectures. Within these larger scale assemblies, the control and construction of their structures and component devices remain at the nanoscale†. (National Research Council 2002, cited in Dreher 2004). Although technically encompassing any device measuring at least 1,000 nanometers—a nanometer (from Greek ‘nano’, meaning dwarf) is one-billionth of a meter (The Royal Society The Royal Academy of Engineering 2004)—much of the work being done presently focuses on materials smaller than 100 nm (Gupta et al 2003) since it is at this level that materials exhibit unique physical and chemical properties that can be harvested to convey improvements to engineered materials (i.e. enhanced magnetic properties, better electrical and optical activity, and superior structural integrity) (Thomas Sayre 2005). Ralph Merkle, as cited by Gupta et al (2003), noted that atomic configuration, to an extent, determines physical and chemical characteristics of materials, using as examples carbon in diamond, or silica from sand. From this perspective, the manufacturing techniques we are using today appear crude since we are moving molecules by heaps and mounds, and, therefore, are manufacturing devices that could still be improved for accuracy and precision (Gupta et al 2003). Nanotechnology, according to Gupta et al, aims to explore and exploit the possibility of designing at the molecular and atomic levels, and producing a generation of novel products that boast of greater strength, lighter weight and better precision (2003). Technically nanotechnology is not something new. Ball (2003) notes that nanoscale devices have been, and are currently being, utilized by organisms in their daily functioning. He cites, for instance, the proteins that serve as motors to flagella of motile bacteria, as readers and interpreters of the genetic code, or as miniature solar panels in plants that gather sunlight for photosynthesis (Ball 2003). The possibility of harnessing this potential within the environment and put them to practical use has been floated in the scientific community as early as the 1940s, when von Neumann forwarded the idea of manufacturing systems or machines that are capable of self-replication, which could potentially lower production costs (Gupta et al 2003). Richard Feynman in 1959, in an address to the American Physical Society entitled ‘There Is Plenty of Room at the Bottom’, advanced the possibility that, similar to what we are doing at the macroscopic scale, we could maneuver atoms to where we want them to be, and produce materials that would solve the problem of manufacture and reproduction (Buxton et al 2003; Gupta P et al 2003). In 1986, K Eric Drexler provided a picture of nanotechnological use in the future in his book Engines of Creation, where humans are utilizing self-replicating nanoscale robots in daily life processes (Ball 2003). The move from the drawing board to actual application, however, has been very recent—as evidenced by the relatively few nanotechnology products—fuelled by theoretical and laboratory progress which showed that, indeed, systems can be built from molecules and atoms maneuvered at the microscopic scale (Gupta et al 2003). L’Oreal recently introduced in the market sun creams that contain nano-sized grains of titanium dioxide, which absorbs ultraviolet light, but without the ‘smeared chalk’ appearance of regular creams (Ball 2003). This same technology, according to Ball (2003) was taken a step further when it was found that titanium dioxide particles become reactive when exposed to ultraviolet light, leading to the development of self-cleaning tiles and glasses—titanium-coated tiles and glasses that use the sun’s energy to burn up dirt stuck to their surfaces. In the filed of medicine, nanotechnology is currently being utilized with state-of -the-art technology to combat genetic diseases (Dunkley 2004). In addition to these, researches are currently undergoing, exploring the various possible applications of nanotechnology in various fields. For instance, in the medical sciences, the development of nanorobots could aid in precise, and rapid, cellular repair and regeneration, delivery of drugs at the site where it is needed, destruction of cancerous cells, or unblocking of clogged blood vessels (Dunkley 2004). The capacity to detect disease through alterations in body chemistry or physiology is also a possibility through nanotubes or nanowires coated with detector molecules (Buxton et al 2003). Molecular imaging, according to Buxton et al (2003) will also provide us with a view of the human body beyond gross anatomic structures, since this would utilize molecules that would home to tissues affected by specific disease processes. Environmental problems we face today, such as air pollution or oil spills, could be remedied through nanorobots designed to clean these toxic elements from th e air we breath or the water we drink (Dunkley 2004). The material sciences will also significantly benefit from nanotechnology, with the promise of development of stronger and lighter plastics, computers with faster processors and increased memory storage, ion storage for batteries (which will improve performance), quick-charging battery cars, and fuel cells for motor-driven devices that are environment-friendly and energy efficient (Gupta et al 2003). Perhaps a bit too far in the future, Dunkley even forwards the idea that it might be possible, with nanorobots moving atoms and molecules, for us to create common and everyday things from our own backyard, moving manufacturing to the domain of the household with a wheelbarrow and a shovel (2004). Because of the great promise held by nanotechnology, governments worldwide are investing in nanoresearch, to further refine our understanding of this small world. You read "When Small Means Big: The Impact of Nanotechnology" in category "Essay examples" Global investment in nanotechnology has been estimated to be â‚ ¬5 billion, according to the Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering (2004). The European Union pledged to spend â‚ ¬1 billion (Ball 2003), whereas Japan allocated $800M in 2003 (The Royal Society The Royal Academy of Engineering 2004). The United States is willing to spend nearly $3.7 billion for nanotechnology from 2005 to 2008, with nearly $500 million allocated for research funding (Dunkley 2004; The Royal Society The Royal Academy of Engineering 2004; Thomas Sayre 2005). The considerable change nanotechnology can bring, as well as the huge sums of money governments worldwide are currently spending to make this a reality, has sparked some questions from various sectors on the impact of nanotechnologies, not only to the scientific fields to which it will be applied, but to the society in general. In the biological sciences, for instance, the primary concern is the possible toxicity exposure—and chronic exposure, at that—to nanoparticles can bring about, since these materials have the capability of interacting with cells and cellular organelles, and hence, alter body physiology (Ball 2003; The Royal Society The Royal Academy of Engineering 2004). Dreher (2004), and Thomas and Sayre (2005) have recently reviewed the evidence on the health impact of nanotechnology exposure, and found that there is a paucity of evidence to encourage or preclude use of nanotechnologies in humans pending full investigations and detailed evidence supporting or debunking the same. Ball (2003) notes that, in the same way as new drugs or devices, nanotechnology must be viewed as a potential health hazard unless proven otherwise. Large scale production in the future would necessitate hazard-testing and human exposure assessment, to minimize risks (The Royal Society The Royal Academy of Engineering 2004). The significant economic impact of nanotechnologies, according to experts, may not be felt in the short-term, although this must be viewed with caution, since it is entirely difficult to predict what impact a developing technology that has not yet realized its full potential will have (The Royal Society The Royal Academy of Engineering 2004). The differing capacities of developed, developing and underdeveloped countries to participate in the nanotechnology race has also raised concerns that it might intensify the economic gap between these nations, leading to what is referred to as a ‘nanodivide’ (The Royal Society The Royal Academy of Engineering 2004). Finally, patenting of nanotechnology—which is advantageous since it would, though economic incentive, encourage other individuals to contribute to scientific progress—may stifle creativity or innovation when a broad one is granted (The Royal Society The Royal Academy of Engineering 2004). Another area of concern is military and defense capability. The development of new devices—pervasive sensors, improved clothing and armor, and enhanced information and communication exchange—could be viewed both as opportunities and threats, depending on who uses them, and how they are used (The Royal Society The Royal Academy of Engineering 2004). But more than this, the Royal Society (2004) cautions that the secrecy coupled with development of technologies for defense use might fuel public distrust, and heighten the understanding that nanotechnology is being developed primarily, if not entirely, for military ends. Ethical issues pervading the socio-cultural impact of nanotechnologies are also a concern. For instance, development of new nanodevices may cause a significant change in employment patterns, role perception, education patterns, and eventually family life (Dunkley 2004). The end result, still according to Dunkley (2004) would be a shift in our present definition of inequality, poverty, and class, and finally, the way we construe society in general. If what Dunkley predicted would come true (i.e. manufacturing at our own backyard), then the capacity to produce would be entirely dependent on having the necessary resources for this production, which brings to fore the concern of concentration of the harvests of nanotechnology in the hands of a few. Although nanomanufacturing could present the solution to hunger and homelessness, the question remains whether it will alter our perception of the material world where we move (Dunkley 2004). The possibility of devices being used to store personal information, although enhancing personal security on the one hand, also raises the possibility of violation of civil liberties, especially when collection and distribution of the same is made without the consent of the person involved, or access to these information could be limited to the hands of the few who could develop and control personal information databases or systems (The Royal Society The Royal Academy of Engineering 2004). Finally, the possibility of radical human enhancement, or the creation of humans in the future, through nanotechnology (in conjunction with biotechnology and information technology), though a remote possibility, still carries with it the burden of resolving whether these creations are really human, and whether they also possess souls like we do (Dunkley 2004). In the same vein, this new capability would radically change, if not totally abolish, our perception of religion and morality (The Royal Society The Royal Academy of Engineering 2004). On a lesser plane, the possibility of nanotechnology extending human longevity to hundreds of years will definitely alter our view of aging and death (Dunkley 2004). What, then, lies in store for us in the future with nanotechnology? Actually, no one can tell, since nanotechnology is but a frontier—which, to Melbin is a pattern of sparse settlement in space or time—or what Dunkley (2004) describes as relatively ‘unsettled and a wilderness waiting to be discovered’. Until such time, therefore, that the full potential of nanotechnology has been realized, or at least understood through research, we may endlessly speculate about how nanotechnology will affect our daily lives and society in general, who will benefit from its, what and capabilities will it provide us. The concerns, however, raised in this paper are valid considerations of the impact the future application of nanotechnologies will have, and this necessitates caution and vigilance on the part of all stakeholders. References Ball P, 2003 (23 Jun), ‘Nanotechnology Science’s Next Frontier or Just a Load of Bull?’, New Statesman, vol. 132, no. 4643, pp. 30-31. Buxton DB, Lee SC, Wickline SA, Ferrari M for the Working Group Members, 2003 (02 Dec), ‘Recommendations of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Nanotechnology Working Group’, Circulation, vol. 108, pp. 2737-2742. Dreher KL, 2004, ‘Health and environmental impact of nanotechnology: Toxicological assessment of manufactured nanoparticles’, Toxicological Sciences, vol. 77, pp. 3–5. Dunkley RWS, 2004, ‘Nanotechnology: Social Consequences and Future Implications’, Futures, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 1129-1132. Gupta P, Malhotra R, Segal MA Verhaeren MYFJ, 2003, ‘Recent trends in nanotechnology’, in R Gulati, A Paoni M Sawhney (eds), Kellogg on Technology Innovation, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 261-283. The Royal Society The Royal Academy of Engineering, 2004, Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: opportunities and uncertainties, The Royal Society The Royal Academy of Engineering, London. Thomas K Sayre P, 2005, ‘Research strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, Part I: Evaluating the human health implications of exposure to nanoscale materials’, Toxicological Sciences, vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 316–321. How to cite When Small Means Big: The Impact of Nanotechnology, Essay examples

Love and Fate in Eugene Onegin free essay sample

In Alexander Pushkin’s novel Eugene Onegin stanza’s nineteen and twenty in Chapter two illustrate the connection between love and fate that is present throughout the novel. These stanzas come shortly after Eugene and Lensky become friends. Lensky is in love with a woman, Olga, whom he has known since childhood and he continuously expresses to Eugene his blissful adoration for her. These stanzas illuminate to the reader that love and fate are intertwined concepts and that Lensky’s and Eugene’s fates will be intertwined as well. Passionate love is only experienced by poets according to the speaker, because â€Å"they’re fated to. (20) Since Lensky is a poet, he finds love and passion with Olga, while Eugene is â€Å"one whom love had left forsaken. † Poets may be fated to find passionate love since they explore emotions in their work and concentrate more on what is vitally significant in life, as opposed to others, like Eugene. We will write a custom essay sample on Love and Fate in Eugene Onegin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pushkin’s narrator states at the end of stanza nineteen, regarding feelings, that â€Å"to us they’re hardly new. † Here he is identifying himself and the narrator as poets as well, in order to explain their irregular behavior and sporadic manner of speaking and thinking. Poets are fated to love, which is an irrational emotion; therefore poets act irrational and irregular. When the narrator describes Eugene â€Å"gravely† (19) listening to Lensky, he is speaking with a patronizing tone. Eugene is not interested in anything and everything has lost its appeal to him, therefore when he listens to Lensky, he is only humoring him. Eugene is apathetic and skeptical and as a result he believes Lensky is naive and that one day Lensky will realize the folly of his ways. The narrator states through Eugene’s thoughts in stanza fifteen that Lensky’s â€Å"blissful, brief infection† will soon pass â€Å"without my [Eugene’s] knife. † However Eugene will only be able to humor Lensky for so long, before he whether maliciously or innocuously intervenes. Eugene’s eventual intervention reiterates the idea of fate, which can be foreshadowed. Stanzas nineteen and twenty foreshadow events to come. Given that Lensky only knows â€Å"one constant source of dreaming,† (20) Olga, he will do anything to protect their love. Eugene’s indifferent attitude towards love and life in eneral, which is touched upon in stanza nineteen, lead him to confront Lensky by dancing and flirting with Olga. Lensky’s soul is â€Å"aflame with virgin fire† (20) for his beloved and Eugene’s betrayal ignites a fire from the flame in Lensky and prompts him to act irrationally and challenge Eugene to a duel. Eugene tests Lensky’s and Olga’s relationship even though he said in stanza fifteen he did not want to interfere with Lensky’s view of life and love; he constantly listened to ideas and emotions he found irrational and tiresome, therefore he wanted to observe how real these emotions and ideas were. Stanzas nineteen and twenty are significant to a central concept of love and fate that is prevalent throughout the novel. Lensky’s and Eugene’s lives are intertwined because of fate, however each one experiences love differently because of fate. Lensky experiences passionate love, because he is a poet, which leads to his death. Lensky’s death is caused by Eugene’s indifference and cynacism towards love. Eugene at first dismisses love and then he experiences unrequited love, when Tatiana rejects him. Both of these characters where shaped by their attitudes regarding love and because of love their fates were intertwined.